Clinical course and rehabilitation of a COVID-19 patient requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy in an Argentine public hospital
A case report
Abstract
Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly evolved and challenged health systems and society at large. This study describes the first COVID-19 patient who required mechanical ventilation (MV) and tracheostomy (TT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital.
Case presentation: A 42-year-old male patient with COVID-19 developed acute respiratory failure and required orotracheal intubation and MV. As the patient was predicted to have prolonged weaning, he was tracheostomized. Subsequently, he was weaned from MV and decannulated. After 50 days of ICU hospitalization, the patient progressed favorably and was discharged.
Conclusion: This was the first COVID-19 patient who required MV and TT in our hospital. Protocols for MV, decannulation and rehabilitation could be adapted and implemented. The patient was decannulated and discharged without polyneuropathy.
References
Balakrishnan K, Schechtman S, Hogikyan ND, Teoh AYB, McGrath B, Brenner MJ. COVID-19 Pandemic: what very otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon needs to know for safe airway management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;162(6):804-8.
Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020; 323(20):2052-2059.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Ministerio de salud de la nación [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 06 de junio de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/salud/coronavirus-COVID-19/definicion-de-caso.
Orser BA. Recommendations for endotracheal intubation of COVID-19 patients. Anesth Analg. 2020;130(5):1109-10.
Bezzi M, Fredes S, Tiribelli N, Setten M, Rodrigues La Moglie R, Plotnikow G, Goniat E. Guía de manejo de pacientes adultos críticos para kinesiología intensivista en COVID-19. Rev Arg de Ter. 2020;13:27-38.
Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ, Brophy GM, O’Neal PV, Keane KA, et al. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(10):1338-1344.
Schurink CAM, Van Nieuwenhoven CA, Jacobs JA, Rozenberg-Arska M, Joore HCA, Buskens E, et al. Clinical pulmonary infection score for ventilator-associated pneumonia: accuracy and inter-observer variability. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(2):217-24.
Béduneau G, Pham T, Schortgen F, Piquilloud L, Zogheib E, Jonas M, et al. Epidemiology of weaning outcome according to a new definition. The WIND study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(6):772-83.
De Jonghe B, Bastuji-Garin S, Sharshar T, Outin H, Brochard L. Does ICU-acquired paresis lengthen weaning from mechanical ventilation? Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(6):1117-21.
Vincent J-L, Shehabi Y, Walsh TS, Pandharipande PP, Ball JA, Spronk P, et al. Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(6):962-71.
Abadie M, Escobar MA. Comunicación en el paciente en ventilación mecánica. Revista del Colegio de kinesiólogos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. 2014;13(51):26-30.
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J ’an, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475-481.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1574-1581.
Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress. JAMA. 2020;323(22):2329-2330.
Ferrando C, Suarez-Sipmann F, Mellado-Artigas R, Hernández M, Gea A, Arruti E, et al. Clinical features, ventilatory management, and outcome of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are similar to other causes of ARDS. Intensive Care Med. 2020:1-12.
Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. Covid-19 Does Not Lead to a “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1299-1300.
Ziehr DR, Alladina J, Petri CR, Maley JH, Moskowitz A, Medoff BD, et al. Respiratory pathophysiology of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(12):1560-1564.
Hunter P. Expert reaction to ICNARC report on the first reported 775 patients critically ill with COVID-19. Science media centre [Internet]. 2020. [citado el 29 de marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-icnarc-report-on-the-first-reported-775-patients-critically-ill-with-covid-19/.
Takhar A, Walker A, Tricklebank S, Wyncoll D, Hart N, Jacob T, et al. Recommendation of a practical guideline for safe tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(8):2173-2184.
Delgado MCM, Aviles-Jurado FX, Alvarez-Santuyano E, de Haro Lopez C, de Cerio Canduela PD, Perez EF, et al. Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica, y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC) y la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR) sobre la traqueotomía en pacientes con COVID-19. Med Intensiva. [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 26 de mayo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.medintensiva.org/es-pdf-S0210569120301625.
Parker NP, Schiff BA, Fritz MA, Rapoport SK, Schild S, Altman KW, et al. Tracheotomy Recommendations During the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 26 de mayo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.entnet.org/content/tracheotomy-recommendations-during-covid-19-pandemic.
Rositi E, Diaz-Ballve L, Herrero MV, Bosso M, García Urrutia J, Morel Vulliez G, et al. Recomendaciones para el paciente traqueostomizado en tiempos de COVID-19. Rev Arg de Ter. 2020;37(2):29-36.
MacIntyre NR, Epstein SK, Carson S, Scheinhorn D, Christopher K, Muldoon S, et al. Management of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation: report of a NAMDRC consensus conference. Chest. 2005;128(6):3937-3954.
Mcgrath BA, Michael B Jr, Warrillow SJ, Pandian V, Arora A, Cameron TS, et al. Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 era: global and multidisciplinary guidance. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):717-725.
Kiekens C, Boldrini P, Andreoli A, Avesani R, Gamna F, Grandi M, et al. Rehabilitation and respiratory management in the acute and early post-acute phase. "Instant paper from the field" on rehabilitation answers to the COVID-19 emergency. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;56(3):323-326.










